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Correct answer: C
Freud's id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification without regard for moral values, society, or others. The superego represents morality and the ego mediates reality.
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Correct answer: D
Self-Efficacy is Bandura (III), Real Self is Rogers (IV), Self-Report measure (16PF) is Cattell (I), Self-Actualisation is Maslow (II). This matches option D: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.
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Correct answer: B
In Sternberg's triarchic theory, contextual (practical) intelligence is the 'street smartness' that helps a person adapt to and shape their environment to succeed in real-life situations.
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Correct answer: D
Rogers and Maslow (humanistic approach) proposed self-actualisation (A), goal-directed expression of potential (C), and unconditional positive regard (D). Collective unconscious/archetypes (B) is Jung; (E) is unrelated. Correct: A, C, D only.
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Correct answer: B
Projective techniques use unstructured/ambiguous stimuli (e.g., Rorschach, TAT) to reveal unconscious motives and feelings, as the person projects their inner states onto them.
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Correct answer: B
Reaction formation is the defence mechanism where a person behaves in a way exactly opposite to their true (anxiety-provoking) feelings.
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Correct answer: C
Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is widely used in vocational guidance, career counselling and occupational testing.
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Correct answer: D
Self-regulation is the ability to organise and monitor one's own behaviour, including resisting temptations and self-control.
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Correct answer: B
Venting out feelings (talking about emotions to release them) is an emotion-oriented coping strategy (Endler & Parker), which involves managing the emotional response to stress.
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Correct answer: C
Tangible (instrumental) support involves material aid such as money, goods or services provided to a person under stress.
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Correct answer: C
Wanting to do everything perfectly is an internal/self-imposed demand. Such perfectionistic expectations from within are a source of internal pressure.
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Correct answer: C
Emotional effect = mood swing/tension (II); Physiological = increased heart rate, blood vessel constriction (I); Cognitive = poor concentration, reduced memory (IV); Behavioural = disrupted sleep, absenteeism (III). Matches C.
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Correct answer: A
In Selye's GAS, the exhaustion stage is when prolonged stress drains bodily resources, leading to physical breakdown and falling sick. 'Draining of bodily resources and falling sick' is the hallmark of exhaustion.
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Correct answer: C
In separation anxiety disorder, when separated from attachment figures children may fuss, scream, throw severe tantrums or make suicidal gestures, as described in NCERT.
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Correct answer: B
Proactive aggression is unprovoked, deliberate aggression aimed at dominating or bullying others (instrumental/cold aggression), as opposed to reactive aggression which is a response to provocation.
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Correct answer: B
Alogia = poverty of speech (IV); Delusion = false belief (III); Avolition = lack of motivation (I); Hallucination = perception without stimuli (II). Matches B.
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Correct answer: B
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by binge eating followed by compensatory behaviours such as vomiting or purging.
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Correct answer: D
The triad of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity defines Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
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Correct answer: C
Positive symptoms = bizarre additions (III); Negative symptoms = pathological deficits (I); Inappropriate affect = emotion unsuited to situation (IV); Psychomotor symptoms = odd grimaces and gestures (II). Matches C.
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Correct answer: D
Yoga and meditation are categorised as alternative therapies (e.g., yoga, meditation, acupuncture) in NCERT's therapeutic approaches.
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Correct answer: A
In humanistic-existential therapy, the chief benefit is emotional insight, the process of gaining increasing understanding of one's own aspirations, emotions and motives.
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Correct answer: B
Ethical standards in psychotherapy include informed consent, confidentiality, and respect for human rights and dignity. Providing help through mindfulness-based meditation is a technique, not an ethical standard.
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Correct answer: A
CBT addresses biological aspects through relaxation (B), psychological through behaviour therapy (C), and social through environmental changes (D). Addressing childhood traumas (A) is psychodynamic, not used in CBT. The question asks which are NOT used; only (A) is not used. However given the option grouping, the intended answer is the set not used. Per NCERT CBT combines B, C, D; (A) is the one not used, so the closest correct grouping is A (which lists A,C,D). The single not-used method is (A).
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Correct answer: C
Pairing an undesirable behaviour (smelling alcohol) with an aversive stimulus (electric shock) to reduce the behaviour is aversive conditioning.
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Correct answer: A
In Ellis's RET, the first step is the antecedent-belief-consequence (ABC) analysis (C), and irrational beliefs are refuted by the therapist (D). (A) describes Gestalt/humanistic therapy; (B) describes behaviour therapy. So (C) and (D) only.
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Correct answer: B
Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment phases: (1) friendship formation, (2) ingroup formation, (3) intergroup competition (conflict), (4) intergroup cooperation (reduction of conflict via superordinate goals). Sequence = B, D, A, C.
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Correct answer: C
Cohesiveness refers to the togetherness, binding or mutual attraction among group members that keeps them united.
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Correct answer: A
Giving a small free gift first to create a sense of obligation, then making a larger request, is the foot-in-the-door technique of compliance (gradual escalation from small to large).
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Correct answer: A
Secondary group = one joins by choice, easy to leave (IV); In-group = 'we' feeling, similar viewed favourably (I); Primary group = pre-existing formation, less permeable boundaries (II); Formal group = functions explicitly stated, based on specific rules (III). Matches A.
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Correct answer: B
Tuckman's stages of group formation are forming, storming, norming, performing (and adjourning). 'Alarming' is not a stage.
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Correct answer: D
Edward Hall's distances from least to maximum: intimate < personal < social < public, i.e. (D), (A), (C), (B). Matches option D.
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Correct answer: B
Crowding features: feeling of loss of control over social interactions (B), feeling of discomfort (C), and negative view of the surrounding space (D). Increased privacy (A) and increased motivation (E) are not features of crowding. Matches B.
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Correct answer: C
Body language = non verbal actions (III); Paraphrase = repeat/summarise in own words (I); Reception = initial step in listening (IV); Authenticity = behavioural expressions consistent with values (II). Matches C.
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Correct answer: C
Guilford's Structure of Intellect model classifies intelligence along three dimensions: operations, contents, and products.
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Correct answer: A
In the PASS model (Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive), Planning allows formulating courses of action, implementing them, and evaluating their effectiveness.
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Correct answer: B
Gardner's intrapersonal intelligence involves self-understanding, awareness of one's own identity, human existence and meaning of life.
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Correct answer: C
Monitoring one's own and others' emotions, discriminating among them, and using this to guide thinking and action is the definition of emotional intelligence (Salovey & Mayer). Hence high emotional intelligence.
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Correct answer: C
Observation involves systematic, organised, objective procedures to record naturally occurring behavioural phenomena in real time.
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Correct answer: B
Moderate intellectual deficiency corresponds to an IQ range of approximately 35-49 (35 to 50). Mild is 55-70, severe is 20-35.
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Correct answer: B
Libido is the instinctual life force (sexual/psychic energy) that energises the id in Freud's theory.
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Correct answer: D
Per the passage: Ability is internal-stable (I); hard work is internal-unstable/unstable-internal (III); task difficulty (task characteristics) is external-unstable/unstable-external (IV); fate is external-stable (II). So A(task)-IV, B(hard work)-III, C(fate)-II, D(ability)-I. Matches D.
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Correct answer: B
Internal factors are those within the person, such as ability/intelligence and hard work. Task characteristic, luck and weather are external. Hence A's intelligence is an internal factor.
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Correct answer: C
The passage states 'failure is attributed to external factors such as task difficulty and bad luck'. Hence people generally attribute failure to external factors.
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Correct answer: C
The passage states fundamental attribution error is the tendency to give greater weightage to internal factors than external ones. Hence internal factors than external factors.
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Correct answer: C
The passage credits Weiner with classifying causes of success and failure, i.e., his work on attribution theory.
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Correct answer: A
Violating/isolating social norms is the criterion of deviance in defining abnormality (the 4 D's: deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger).
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Correct answer: C
The collective history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology and art of a society together constitute its culture.
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Correct answer: D
The sense of shame and disgrace associated with mental illness is referred to as stigma.
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Correct answer: C
Inability to perform behaviours necessary for day-to-day living (self care, holding a job, etc.) is the criterion of dysfunction.
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Correct answer: B
Since the passage notes the problems with norms (no universal agreement) and distress/danger only describe single criteria, the best overall criterion for normality is that the behaviour fosters overall wellbeing of the person.
Original question paper source: National Testing Agency (NTA), CUET (UG) 2022. Reproduced for educational use. Answers & explanations by UniDrill.