C. Wright Mills (1916-1962), who developed the concept of 'sociological imagination', was an American sociologist.
Q2.
The concept of 'Failure of entitlement' has been given by :
A. Thomas Robert Mathew
B. Amartya Sen ✓
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Abhijeet Banerjee
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Amartya Sen's entitlement approach explains famines as a 'failure of entitlement' rather than mere food shortage.
Q3.
The most infamous pandemic was "Spanish Flu" which affected large parts of world occured in :
A. 1947
B. 1918 ✓
C. 2020
D. 1957
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
The Spanish Flu (influenza) pandemic occurred in 1918, after World War I.
Q4.
A systematic study of population is called :
A. Polygraphy
B. Sesmiography
C. Oceanography
D. Demography ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Demography is the systematic and scientific study of human population.
Q5.
The National Family Planning Programme was renamed as the National Family Welfare Programme after :
A. The Emergency ✓
B. The Bangladesh War of 1971
C. The New Economic Policy
D. The Third Five Year Plan
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
After the coercive sterilisation during the Emergency (1975-77), the National Family Planning Programme was renamed the National Family Welfare Programme.
Q6.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: (A) Population Momentum (B) Demographic Dividend (C) Population Pyramid (D) Preventive Check
List - II: (I) Voluntary action to reduce population growth (II) Large cohort of women at reproduction age (III) Group data in terms of gender and age (IV) Higher proportion of workers compared to non-workers
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
B. (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I) ✓
C. (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
D. (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Population Momentum = large cohort of women at reproductive age (II); Demographic Dividend = higher proportion of workers vs non-workers (IV); Population Pyramid = group data in terms of gender and age (III); Preventive Check = voluntary action to reduce population growth (I). This matches option B.
Q7.
Out of the following which custom is practiced in khasi society ?
(A) passing of property from mother to daughter
(B) transfer of control of property from maternal uncle to nephew
(C) making out a will
(D) brother controlling his sister's property
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (B), (C) And (D) Only
B. (A), (C) And (B) Only
C. (A), (B) And (D) Only ✓
D. (A), (D) And (C) Only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Khasi is a matrilineal society: property passes from mother to daughter (A); control of property passes from maternal uncle to nephew (B); and the maternal uncle/brother exercises control (D). Making a will (C) is not a Khasi custom. So A, B, D = option C.
Q8.
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I: (A) Wealth of Nation (B) Capitalism (C) Status symbol (D) Heirarchical social groups
List - II: (I) Max Weber (II) Alfred Gell (III) Adam Smith (IV) Karl Marx
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
B. (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
C. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) ✓
D. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Wealth of Nations = Adam Smith (III); Capitalism = Karl Marx (IV); Status symbol = Max Weber (I) (Weber's concept of status/lifestyle); Hierarchical social groups = Alfred Gell (II), who studied the Muria market and hierarchy. This matches option C: (A)-III, (B)-IV, (C)-I, (D)-II.
Q9.
The weekly market, though a very old institution, its character has changed over time. Select the changes that have occured from the following options - especially during the colonial period.
(A) Tribals lost their land to outsiders
(B) The tribal areas were opened up with roads
(C) Tribals still practiced barter system
(D) Rich forests and other resources are now available
(E) Tribals have been introduced to money
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A), (B), (D), (E) Only ✓
B. (A), (B), (C), (D) Only
C. (A), (B), (C), (E) Only
D. (A), (D), (E), (C) Only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
During colonial period the weekly market changed: tribals lost land to outsiders (A), areas opened up with roads (B), and tribals were introduced to money (E). Forests/resources came under outsider exploitation (D). They no longer relied solely on barter, so (C) is incorrect. A, B, D, E = option A.
Q10.
A person from a well-off family after completing MBA from a foreign university gets a well paid job through an influential relative. What kind of capital does the person have ?
(A) Physical Capital
(B) Social Capital
(C) Administrative Capital
(D) Cultural Capital
(E) Economic Capital
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (B), (D) And (E) Only ✓
B. (B), (C) And (E) Only
C. (B), (D) And (A) Only
D. (A), (B) And (E) Only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Well-off family = economic capital (E); MBA degree/education = cultural capital (D); job through influential relative = social capital (B). So B, D, E = option A.
Q11.
Match List - I with List - II. Match the commissions/societies with their years of establishment.
List - I: (A) Kaka Kalelkar Commission (B) Brahmo Samaj (C) Karachi Session of Indian National Congress (D) B.P. Mandal Commission
List - II: (I) 1990 (II) 1828 (III) 1953 (IV) 1931
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Social stratification is hierarchical - it arranges society in layers/strata, is a characteristic of society (generational), and is supported by systems of belief/ideology.
Q13.
In Bengal the campaign to abolish Sati was led by :
A. M.G. Ranade
B. Raja Rammohan Roy ✓
C. Jotirao Govindrao Phule
D. Periyar
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Raja Rammohan Roy led the campaign against Sati in Bengal, which was abolished by law in 1829.
Q14.
Arrange the following statements in correct sequence of events :
(A) Effort to reorganise into ethno-linguistic states
(B) Indian State continued with British-Indian arrangement of presidencies
(C) Vigorous movements among Maratha and Kannada Speakers in Bombay and Madras presidencies
(D) Pakistan was divided between Urdu and Punjabi speakers in the West and Bengali speakers in the East
(E) Formation of SRC for final approval on linguistic states
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A), (B), (E), (C), (D)
B. (B), (A), (C), (E), (D)
C. (B), (C), (A), (E), (D) ✓
D. (A), (D), (C), (E), (B)
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Sequence: (B) Indian State first continued British presidency arrangement; (C) vigorous movements among Maratha and Kannada speakers; (A) effort to reorganise into ethno-linguistic states; (E) formation of States Reorganisation Commission; (D) Pakistan's later division on linguistic lines. B, C, A, E, D = option C.
Q15.
Policies that insists the public culture be restricted to a common national pattern while all non-national culture are to be relegated to the private sphere.
A. Non-assimilationist
B. Integrationist
C. Assimilationist ✓
D. Disintegrationist
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Assimilationist policies insist that public culture follow a single common national pattern, relegating all other cultures to the private sphere.
Q16.
The criteria for inclusion in civil society is that the organisation should be :
A. State controlled
B. Non state controlled ✓
C. Commercial
D. Profit making
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Civil society is the non-state, non-market sphere of voluntary, non-profit organisations; therefore inclusion requires the organisation to be non-state controlled.
Q17.
State-Nation as opposed to Nation State means :
A. Socially and culturally diverse countries being together
B. All states collectively rule the nation
C. The centre rules over the states
D. All languages, ethnicities, religions and individual entities can co-exist peacefully and cooperatively in a single state ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
A state-nation (as opposed to a homogenising nation-state) is one where diverse languages, ethnicities and religions coexist peacefully and cooperatively within a single state (e.g., India).
Q18.
Which Article of the Constitution of India, states the following :
"No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or received out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them".
A. Article 29(1)
B. Article 29(2) ✓
C. Article 30(1)
D. Article 30(2)
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Article 29(2) prohibits denial of admission into any State-maintained or State-aided educational institution on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.
Q19.
The following poem belongs to which poet ?
"Moko Kahan Dhundhe re Bande, Mein to Tere Paas Mein, Na teerath Mein, Na Moorat Mein, Na Ekant Niwas Mein, Na Mandir Mein, Na Maajid Mein, Na Kabe Kailash Mein, Mein To Tere Paas Main Bande, Mein To Tere Paas Mein....."
A. Rahim Das
B. Ravi Das
C. Kabir Das ✓
D. Kali Das
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
This famous nirgun bhakti verse 'Moko Kahan Dhundhe re Bande' is composed by Kabir Das.
Q20.
Who considered exclusive nationalism to be an evil ?
A. Rabindranath Tagore ✓
B. B.R. Ambedkar
C. J. Nehru
D. Bhagat Singh
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Rabindranath Tagore was critical of narrow, exclusive nationalism, which he regarded as an evil/menace.
Q21.
Which of the following statement is incorrect with regard to westernisation ?
A. The changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of long British rule
B. It includes the changes in technology, institutions, ideology and values
C. It includes the imitation of external forms of culture
D. It necessarily mean that people adopt modern values of democracy and equality ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Westernisation (M.N. Srinivas) refers to changes from British rule, including technology, institutions, values and imitation of external forms, but it does NOT necessarily mean adopting modern values like democracy and equality. So statement (4) is incorrect.
Q22.
Match List - I with List - II. Match the concept with their explaination.
List - I (Concept): (A) Zamindari system (B) Raiyatwari system (C) Tenancy abolition and regulation (D) Land ceiling
List - II (Explaination): (I) Benami Transfer (II) Radical restructuring of agrarian structure in Kerala and Bengal (III) Less burden of taxation ; more properous (IV) Agricultural production stagnated/declined
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
B. (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
C. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
D. (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I) ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Zamindari system led to stagnated/declined agricultural production (IV); Raiyatwari system meant less burden of taxation and more prosperity (III); Tenancy abolition and regulation produced radical restructuring of agrarian structure in Kerala and Bengal (II); Land ceiling was evaded through Benami Transfer (I). So (A)-IV, (B)-III, (C)-II, (D)-I = option D.
Q23.
'Anjuman-E-Khawatn-E-Islam' refers to :
A. The leading journal for women in Punjab
B. The All-India Muslim League Conference
C. The All-India Muslim Ladies Conference ✓
D. The All-India Muslim Scholars Conference
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Anjuman-e-Khawatin-e-Islam was the All-India Muslim Ladies Conference, founded in 1914, which worked for the education and welfare of Muslim women.
Q24.
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding British capitalist colonialism in India :
A. It strengthened and expanded British capitalism
B. It changed the very laws of the land
C. They did not interfere with the economic base ✓
D. It meddled with the manufacturing sector
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
British colonialism strengthened British capitalism, changed laws, and interfered heavily with manufacturing and the economic base. The claim that they did not interfere with the economic base (3) is incorrect.
Q25.
Which of the below mentioned idea is not part of the Preamble of Indian constitution ?
A. Justice
B. Communist ✓
C. Liberty
D. Equality
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
The Preamble includes Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity (and Socialist, not Communist). 'Communist' is not part of the Preamble.
Q26.
Strike out the incorrect statement about Panchayati Raj :
A. Panchayat Raj translates to 'Governence by five individuals'
B. At the base of the structure stands 'Gram Sabha'
C. The 74th Ammendment provided a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj ✓
D. Election to these bodies are conducted every five years
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
The 73rd Amendment (not the 74th, which dealt with municipalities) provided the three-tier Panchayati Raj system. So statement (3) is incorrect.
Q27.
Arrange the following terms in the same sequence as written in the Preamble of the Constitution of India :
(A) Socialist
(B) Democratic
(C) Republic
(D) Sovereign
(E) Secular
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A), (D), (C), (E), (B)
B. (D), (B), (A), (E), (C)
C. (D), (A), (E), (B), (C) ✓
D. (D), (E), (C), (B), (A)
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
The Preamble describes India as 'Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic'. Sequence = D (Sovereign), A (Socialist), E (Secular), B (Democratic), C (Republic) = option C.
Q28.
Read the statements given below and choose the option with the correct sequence of events :
(A) Green Revolution introduced in the dry and the semi-arid regions of India in 2nd phase
(B) New technology introduced
(C) Displacement of service caste groups
(D) Increasing commercialisation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A), (B), (C), (D)
B. (B), (C), (A), (D)
C. (D), (C), (A), (B)
D. (B), (C), (D), (A) ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Sequence: (B) new technology introduced; (C) displacement of service caste groups; (D) increasing commercialisation; (A) Green Revolution spread to dry/semi-arid regions in the second phase. B, C, D, A = option D.
Q29.
Seasonal migrant workers have been termed as :
A. Begar
B. Peasants
C. Footloose labourers ✓
D. Farmers
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Jan Breman termed seasonal migrant workers as 'footloose labour'.
Q30.
Extended working hours are legitimized by the common management, which in theory, gives the employee freedom to choose his/her working hours. Give the common nomenclature of this process.
A. Own-time
B. Flexi-time ✓
C. Me-time
D. Work-from-home-time
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
'Flexi-time' is the arrangement that nominally gives employees freedom to choose their working hours, often legitimising extended working hours.
Q31.
Disinvestment means :
A. Acquiring small and medium industries
B. Opening the market for global citizens
C. Savings in the bank
D. Privatisation of public sector or Government companies ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Disinvestment refers to the sale/privatisation of public sector or government companies (selling government equity).
Q32.
Arrange the following process in chronological order :
(A) Manufacture branding and selling
(B) Workers rolling the leaves
(C) Plucking of Tendu leaves
(D) Selling Tendu leaves by contractor to Government
(E) Auctioning leaves to factory owner
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (C), (D), (A), (E), (B)
B. (C), (D), (B), (A), (E)
C. (C), (D), (E), (A), (B)
D. (C), (D), (E), (B), (A) ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Bidi production sequence: (C) plucking of tendu leaves; (D) contractor sells leaves to Government; (E) auctioning leaves to factory owner; (B) workers rolling the leaves; (A) manufacturer branding and selling. C, D, E, B, A = option D.
Q33.
Read the statement given below and choose the option with the correct sequence of events :
(A) Mill land being sold to real estate dealers to build luxury apartments
(B) Workers went back to work as they needed money
(C) Bombay Textile strike of 1982
(D) Government refused to entertain their demands
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A), (B), (C), (D)
B. (B), (A), (C), (D)
C. (D), (C), (B), (A)
D. (C), (D), (B), (A) ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Sequence: (C) Bombay Textile strike of 1982; (D) Government refused to entertain demands; (B) workers went back to work as they needed money; (A) mill land sold to real estate dealers for luxury apartments. C, D, B, A = option D.
Q34.
Badli workers are :
(A) Workers who substitute for regular permanent workers
(B) Contract workers
(C) Permanent workers
(D) Workers who receive equal status and security like permanent workers
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (C), (D) Only
B. (A), (B) Only ✓
C. (A), (D) Only
D. (B), (D) Only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Badli workers are substitutes for regular permanent workers (A) and are essentially temporary/contract workers (B) who do not get the same status or security as permanent workers. So A and B = option B.
Q35.
The government tried to meet, through its licensing policy, one important goal. Identify this goal.
A. To ensure there was no concentration of wealth in the hands of a few
B. To ensure that the Planning Commission directives were followed
C. To ensure that industries were spread over different regions ✓
D. To ensure a steady source of income for the government officials
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Through licensing (the License Raj), the government aimed to ensure that industries were spread over different regions of the country to promote balanced regional development.
Q36.
Match List - I with List - II. Match the nature of work listed in column I with the industry in column II.
List - I: (A) Working Conditions (B) Recruitment (C) Management (D) Home based work
List - II: (I) Bidi making, Zari making (II) The Mines Act 1952 (III) Jobbers (IV) Taylorism
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
B. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I) ✓
C. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
D. (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Working Conditions = The Mines Act 1952 (II); Recruitment = Jobbers (III); Management = Taylorism (IV); Home based work = Bidi making, Zari making (I). So (A)-II, (B)-III, (C)-IV, (D)-I = option B.
Q37.
Which among the following is not an example of new social media ?
A. Facebook
B. Instagram
C. Blogs
D. Radio ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Facebook, Instagram and blogs are new (digital/social) media; radio is a traditional/old mass medium.
Q38.
Television programming was introduced experimentally in India.
A. To promote women development
B. To promote health programme
C. To promote urban development
D. To promise rural development ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Television in India was introduced experimentally in 1959 with a focus on rural development and education (e.g., SITE experiment for rural upliftment).
Q39.
Who has argued nation as an 'imagined community' ?
A. Raja Rammohan Roy
B. Benedict Anderson ✓
C. Johann Gutenberg
D. Fardoonji Murzban
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Benedict Anderson described the nation as an 'imagined community' in his book of that name.
Q40.
Out of the following which ones can be categorised as International Non-Government organisation ?
(A) The Red cross
(B) The European Union
(C) Medecins Sans Frontieres
(D) South Asain Regional Conference
(E) Association of south East Asian Nations
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A) and (D) Only
B. (B), (D), (E) Only
C. (A) and (C) Only ✓
D. (B) and (E) Only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
The Red Cross (A) and Medecins Sans Frontieres (C) are International Non-Government Organisations. The EU, SAARC and ASEAN are inter-governmental/regional organisations. So A and C = option C.
The famous isolation versus integration debate of the 1940s built upon this standard picture of tribal societies as isolated wholes. The isolationist side argued that tribals needed protection from traders, moneylenders and Hindu and Christian missionaries all of whom were intent on reducing tribals to detribalised landless labour. The integrationists, on the other hand, argued that tribals were merely backward Hindus, and their problems had to be addressed within the same framework as that of backward classes. This opposition dominated the Constituent Assembly debates, which were finally settled along the lines of a compromise which advocated welfare schemes that would enable controlled integration. The subsequent schemes for tribal development - five year plans, tribal sub-plans, tribal welfare blocks, special multipurpose area schemes all continue with this mode of thinking. But the basic issue here is that the integration of tribes has neglected their own needs or desires; integration has been on the terms of the mainstream society and for its own benefit. The tribal societies have had their lands, forests taken away and their communities shattered in the name of development.
Q41.
In terms of the biggest tribe groups in India, choose the incorrect option from the following.
A. Gonds
B. Bodos
C. Andamanese Islanders ✓
D. Bhils
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Gonds, Bhils and Bodos are among the largest tribal groups in India. The Andamanese Islanders are a very small, particularly vulnerable tribal group, not one of the biggest. So (3) is the incorrect option.
Q42.
Name the process of excluding tribals and reducing them to decentralised landless labour.
A. Primordial process
B. Isolation process
C. Integration process ✓
D. Moderisation process
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
The passage explains that integration, on the terms of mainstream society, took away tribal lands and forests, shattering communities and reducing tribals to detribalised landless labour. Thus the process is the integration process.
Q43.
The isolationists argued that tribals did not need protection from:
A. Moneylenders
B. Traders
C. Missionaries
D. Political parties ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
The passage states isolationists argued tribals needed protection from traders, moneylenders and Hindu and Christian missionaries. Political parties are not mentioned, so tribals did not need protection from political parties.
Q44.
Which of the following is not part of integration framework :
A. Tribal sub-plans
B. Tribal welfare blocks
C. Meghalaya Succession Act ✓
D. Protection to religious minorities
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
The passage lists five year plans, tribal sub-plans, tribal welfare blocks and special multipurpose area schemes as part of the integration framework. The Meghalaya Succession Act is not part of this framework.
Q45.
Identify positive impact of interactional process with mainstream society :
A. Statehood of Jharkhand and Chattisgarh
B. Rise of middle class among tribes ✓
C. Development of factories and mines in tribal areas
D. Change in family structure
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Interaction with mainstream society, including education and reservation, led to the rise of an educated middle class among tribes, which is a positive impact. The other options describe negative effects or unrelated outcomes.
CHIPKO MOVEMENT
The unusually heavy monsoon of 1970 precipitated the most devastating flood in living memory. In the Alaknanda valley, water inundated 100 square kilometers of land, washed away 6 metal bridges and 10 kilometers of motor roads, 24 buses and several other vehicles; 366 houses collapsed and 500 acres of standing paddy crops were destroyed. The loss of human and bovine life was considerable. ...The 1970 floods mark a turning-point in the ecological history of the region. Villagers, who bore the brunt of the damage, were beginning to perceive the hitherto tenuous links between deforestation, landslides and floods. It was observed that some of the villages most affected by landslides lay directly below forests where forests felling operations had taken place...... ....The villagers' cause was taken up by the Dashauli Gram Swaraja Sangh (DGSS), a cooperative organisation based in Chamoli district. ....Despite these early protests, the government went ahead with the yearly auction of forests in November. One of the plots scheduled to be assigned was the Reni forest.... ....The contractors' men who were travelling to Reni from Johimath stopped the bus shortly before Reni. Skirting the village, they made for the forest. A small girl who spied the workers with their implements rushed to Gaura Devi, the head of the village Mahila Mandal(Women's Club). Gaura Devi quickly mobilised the other housewives and went to the forest. Pleading with the labourers not to start felling operations, the women initially met with abuse and threats. When the women refused to budge, the men were eventually forced to retire.
Q46.
Identify the author of the book 'Unquiet Words'.
A. Ramachandra Guha ✓
B. Gail Omvedt
C. Dipanker Gupta
D. M.N. Srinivas
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Ramachandra Guha authored 'The Unquiet Woods' (here printed as 'Unquiet Words'), a study of ecological change and peasant resistance in the Himalaya including the Chipko movement.
Q47.
The forest provided the villagers subsistence. Identify the products on which the villagers relied upon.
A. Firewood and fodder ✓
B. Fruits and fodder
C. Fruits and firewood
D. Fruits and vegetables
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Villagers depended on the forest mainly for firewood (fuel) and fodder for their cattle, which were essential for their subsistence livelihood.
Q48.
The Chipko Movement was about 'red' issues. Identify what is meant by 'red issues' ?
A. Climate change issues
B. Forest-preservation issues
C. Water conservation issues
D. Subsistence and livelihood issues ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
In the Chipko analysis, 'red' issues refer to questions of social and economic justice - subsistence and livelihood concerns of the villagers - as distinct from 'green' (ecological) issues.
Q49.
"The Chipko Movement was about fighting social inequality and powerlessness". Identify the main actors of this struggle ?
A. Local people vs caste panchayat
B. Local people vs money lenders
C. Local people vs private contractors
D. Local people vs government ✓
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
The struggle was between the local villagers and the government, which auctioned forests to contractors despite protests. The main actors of the conflict over power and inequality were local people versus the government.
Q50.
The Chipko Movement has also been identified as a Green issue. Identify the reason behind this.
A. It sought to empower the powerless villagers
B. It sought stall the government desire of profit from selling timber
C. It sought to highlight the villager's respect for the forest as a form of wealth other than money ✓
D. It was supported by villagers and not by urban dwellers
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
As a 'green' (ecological) issue, Chipko highlighted the villagers' view of the forest as a form of wealth and ecological value beyond mere monetary/timber profit. Option (1) reflects the 'red' (social justice) dimension, whereas (3) captures the green/ecological reason.
Original question paper source: National Testing Agency (NTA), CUET (UG) 2023. Reproduced for educational use. Answers & explanations by UniDrill.